By David Smith & John Demusz An expansion joint and a pipe loop are two methods employed to safely absorb thermal expansion or contraction in piping systems due to thermal temperature changes. When design conditions exist, where an expansion joint or a pipe loop can be utilized, the major advantages of using an expansion joint [...]

A seismic survey is used to investigate Earth’s subterranean structure and is mainly used for oil and gas exploration. This method uses the principles of reflective seismology to acquire and interpret seismic data, which permits the estimation of the Earth’s composition. The technique is similar to that used by computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans, involving [...]